How Anti-Microbial Resistance could happen so quickly
Today is the last day of the World Health 组织’s Antimicrobial Awareness Week.
Antibiotics have been used to treat sick people for no more than 80 years. Most of us know people who were around in the pre-antibiotics era! Thinking about that does make one wonder about how an evolutionary process such as antibiotic resistance could happen so (relatively) quickly.
耐药细菌, 真菌或病毒通常在人体内发现, 动物, 食物, 植物和环境(水), 土壤和空气). They can be spread from person to person, from people to 动物, and from 食物 to humans or 动物. 这些来源之间的联系是紧密的, and this is the main reason that we should consider all fractions as one, 我们应该采取措施覆盖所有这些.
抗微生物耐药性:自然进化
Normally Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) occurs over time because of genetic changes within microorganisms. 这是进化的自然过程. However the misuse of antibiotics in human and animal health has caused this process to speed up immensely. 其他 agricultural and livestock practices may also have contributed to the emergence of one of the biggest threats of our modern human history.
The development and transference of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG’s)
Bacteria that are constantly exposed to incorrect levels of antimicrobials, 最终产生抗生素抗性基因(ARG). These genes can then migrate from farming waste to soil, 从土壤到水, 从水到作物再到人口.
来源: Antibiotic Resistance Genes may be picked up by other microorganisms, and these organisms can also learn how to be resistant to specific antimicrobials, 即使他们以前从未接触过. This may be one of the explanations why only in 8 decades we have reached such a high level of resistance. 这个循环是一个无限的过程, that can only be stopped by effectively managing the usage of antibiotics on a global scale.
这是一个全球性的问题，需要通过立法来解决
Research shows that chronic overuse or misuse of antibiotics is more prevalent in low to mid income regions. Legislations with the objective of responsibly limiting the use of antimicrobials are often not in place t在这里.
The above map represents the percentage of third generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli found in samples gat在这里d by the University of Washington. On average farm 动物 harbor more drug resistant bacteria in countries w在这里 meat production has increased rapidly. 来源: http://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2821%2902724-0
抗生素是“坏人”吗??
In order to decrease or even stop the propagation of these ARG’s originating from agricultural industries, it is important to understand the need for good management practices and the implementation of HACCP rules in farms and 饲料 mills. This does not mean that we should give up on antibiotics. For curative purposes we often don’t have any other tools at our disposal. 这就是为什么要了解抗菌素耐药性, expanding our knowledge of antibiotics and their correct usage, and closely monitoring administration of application are needed to prevent further rise of resistant genes.
整体方法包括 饲料卫生, 饲料 or 水酸化 和促进 肠道健康 are proven tools to mitigate pathogens and their effects. The classic motto ‘prevention is better than curing’ holds true to this day. Contact one of our experts or your sales manager if you would like to discuss this topic in more detail.